Abstract Background Lower limbs are frequently involved in vascular trauma, but it is still not clear which factors lead to unfavorable clinical outcomes. Objectives To determine the clinical profile of patients with femoropopliteal injuries, the trauma mechanisms, and treatment and identify which factors led to unfavorable outcomes. Methods A retrospective study based on the medical records of patients treated from 2017 to 2021. The following data were assessed: sex, age, distance to reach the hospital, trauma mechanism, hypovolemic shock, additional injuries, treatment of vascular injuries, whether fasciotomy was needed, inappropriate intraoperative decisions, and injury severity score. Need for surgical reintervention, amputation, and death were defined as unfavorable outcomes. Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results The sample comprised 94 patients; 83% were men; mean age was 30.8 years; combined arterial and venous injuries prevailed (57.5%); and superficial femoral vessels were the most affected (61.7%). Penetrating mechanisms prevailed (80.9%). Arterial injuries were most frequently treated with venous graft (59.6%) and venous injuries underwent ligation (81.4%). In 15% of cases, inappropriate surgical decisions were detected; most often use of the ipsilateral great saphenous vein for arterial reconstruction. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 44.7%: surgical reintervention was necessary in 21.3% and limb amputation in 25.5%, while 9.5% of the patients died. Conclusions These injuries mainly involved young men, victims of gunshot wounds. Superficial femoral vessels were the most injured; concomitant non-vascular trauma was frequent, mainly fractures. Inappropriate surgical decisions increased the need for reinterventions by 34 times. Need for fasciotomy, presence of fracture/dislocation, blunt trauma mechanism, and popliteal artery injury increased the risk of amputation.

Resumo Contexto O trauma vascular acomete frequentemente os membros inferiores; entretanto, ainda há dúvidas sobre quais fatores levam a desfechos desfavoráveis. Objetivos Determinar o perfil das vítimas de traumatismo femoropoplíteo, o tratamento utilizado e fatores relacionados a desfechos desfavoráveis. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, baseado em prontuários de pacientes operados entre 2017 e 2021. Foram analisados: sexo, idade, distância percorrida para atendimento, mecanismo de trauma, presença de choque hipovolêmico, lesões associadas, tratamento, realização de fasciotomia, decisões intraoperatórias inadequadas e índice de severidade de trauma. Necessidade de reintervenção, amputação e óbito foram considerados desfechos desfavoráveis. Foram utilizadas análises univariadas, bivariadas e regressão logística. Resultados Noventa e quatro pacientes foram selecionados, sendo 83% homens, com idade média de 30,8 anos. Lesões arteriais e venosas simultâneas ocorreram em 57,5% dos casos; vasos femorais superficiais foram mais acometidos (61,7%), e mecanismos penetrantes, mais prevalentes (80,9%). Lesões arteriais foram frequentemente tratadas com enxerto venoso (59,6%), e lesões venosas foram submetidas à ligadura (81,4%). Em 15% houve decisões cirúrgicas inadequadas, sendo o uso da safena magna ipsilateral para reconstrução arterial a mais comum. Ocorreram desfechos desfavoráveis em 44,7% dos casos; em 21,3%, foi necessária reintervenção; amputação em 25,5%; e ocorreu óbito em 9,5% dos pacientes. Conclusões As lesões acometeram principalmente homens jovens, vítimas de ferimento por arma de fogo. Vasos femorais superficiais foram os mais lesados, e traumatismos não vasculares concomitantes foram frequentes, principalmente fraturas. Decisões cirúrgicas inadequadas aumentaram em 34 vezes a necessidade de reintervenções. Necessidade de realização de fasciotomia, presença de fratura/luxação, mecanismo contuso de trauma e lesão de artéria poplítea aumentaram o risco de amputação.

ABSTRACT Cemiplimab is a novel programmed death-1 inhibitor recently approved for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Immune-related adverse events derived from cemiplimab are similar to other anti-PD-1 drugs, including gastrointestinal and cutaneous toxicities. Oral immune-related adverse events were not reported with cemiplimab in previous studies; thus this case report warns of the fact that the oral cavity may be a site of immune-related adverse events during programmed death-1 block therapy and that this can lead to significant limitations when not properly treated. The present report describes the case of a patient with locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes who developed dysphagia due to large and painful oral ulcers after a single dose of cemiplimab. The patient also exhibited a sarcoid-like reaction in mediastinal lymph nodes. No immune-related adverse events were found in any other organs. The oral lesions showed significant improvement after topical and short-course systemic corticosteroids, and low-level laser therapy was also performed in the oral lesions. The patient achieved a near-complete response and treatment was discontinued. This article discusses in detail the clinical outcomes and oral toxicity management of cemiplimab therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Opinions about the clinical utility of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) vary, as a large number of experimental studies have questioned its efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of PRP on experimental alveolar wound healing in rats. Fifty young adult male Wistar rats were divided in control and PRP groups and submitted to extraction of the right maxillary incisor. In the PRP group, blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and the socket was filled with a PRP gel. Animals were euthanized after 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed at each experimental time point. Semiquantitative histological analysis showed that the PRP group exhibited significantly more collagen-matrix deposition and less bone-matrix formation in the socket than did the control group from 7 to 30 days. Histomorphometric analyses showed that the PRP group also exhibited lower bone-tissue areas than the control group at 7 (p=0.0250) and 14 days (p<0.0001), but at 30 days, no significant difference between the groups was observed. In the present study, PRP did not enhance alveolar wound healing, and PRP-treated rats exhibited low rates of bone deposition during the intermediate phases of alveolar socket repair.

Las opiniones sobre la utilidad clínica del plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) varían, ya que un gran número de estudios experimentales han cuestionado su eficacia. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos del PRP sobre la cicatrización experimental de heridas alveolares en ratas. Cincuenta ratas Wistar adultas fueron divididas en grupos control y PRP, y fueron sometidas a extracción del incisivo maxilar derecho. En el grupo de PRP, la sangre se recogió por punción cardiaca, y el alvéolo se llenó con un gel de PRP. Los animales se sacrificaron después de 1, 3, 7, 14 y 30 días. Se realizaron análisis histológicos e histomorfométricos en cada momento experimental. El análisis histológico semicuantitativo mostró que el grupo de PRP exhibió significativamente más deposición de matriz de colágeno y menos formación de matriz ósea en el receptáculo que el grupo control de 7 a 30 días. Los análisis histomorfométricos mostraron que el grupo PRP también exhibió áreas de tejido óseo inferiores al grupo control a 7 (p = 0,0250) y 14 días (p <0,0001), pero a los 30 días no se observó diferencia significativa entre los grupos. En el presente estudio, el PRP no mejoró la cicatrización de las heridas alveolares, y las ratas tratadas con PRP mostraron bajas tasas de deposición ósea durante las fases intermedias de la reparación de los receptáculos alveolares.

Abstract Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine responsible for the initiation and propagation of inflammation. One of its actions is the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is association between IL-17A expression and neutrophil infiltration in periapical abscesses and periapical granulomas, as well as to find which type of T lymphocyte effector (CD4+ or CD8+) expresses IL-17A in these lesions. Elastase, CD4, CD8, and IL-17A were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, in the biopsies of periapical lesions. Abscess lesions exhibited the highest labeling area for IL-17A (p = 0.011). During double immunofluorescence staining, there were significantly more CD4+/IL-17A+ cells compared to CD8+/IL-17A+ cells, both in the abscesses (p = 0.025) and granulomas (p = 0.011). In conclusion, IL-17A was intensively expressed in periapical abscesses rich in neutrophils. The high percentage of IL-17A in these cases suggests the participation of this cytokine particularly in the acute stages of the inflammatory process of the periapical lesions.

Este trabalho propõe dois índices para avaliação da qualidade das águas superficiais onde predomina o esgoto doméstico ou fonte de poluição similar: o Índice do Estado Trófico (IETp) e o Índice de Proteção à Vida Aquática (IQApva). Ambos foram aplicados nas águas dos rios Anil e Bacanga, localizados na Ilha do Maranhão. Embora a qualidade geral das águas indique presença humana, o Rio Anil destaca-se por seu alto nível trófico e más condições para a vida aquática. Os resultados da aplicação desses índices permitem, de modo simples, avaliar o estado de degradação do corpo aquático. Por estarem ligados diretamente às condições de saneamento básico, esses índices constituem ferramenta gerencial importante para os agentes governamentais e não governamentais.

This work proposes two indexes to assess the quality of surface waters where domestic sewage or similar pollution source prevails: the Trophic State Index (IETP) and the index for protection of aquatic life (IQApva). Both were applied to Anil and Bacanga rivers located on Maranhão Island. Although the general quality of the water indicates human presence, the Anil River stands out by its high trophic level and poor conditions for aquatic life. The results of applying these indexes allow easily assess of the degradation state of the ecosystem. By being connected directly to basic sanitation, these indices are an important management tool for governmental and non-governmental stakeholders.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of aqueous ozone irrigation over bone healing in hyperglycemia-induced rats. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were allocated into Group H (hyperglycemic) or Group N (control). Monocortical bone wound were performed on femurs' anterolateral face. Wounds were treated with a trans-operatory single irrigation of 100ml of aqueous ozone [0.004mg/ml] whereas control groups received 100ml of pure water (Milli-Q®). Histomorphological and histomorphometrical analyses were accomplished after seven, 14 and 21 days. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests were applied for bone neoformation quantification and assessment. RESULTS: Aqueous ozone wounds irrigated revealed diffuse hemorrhage and increased neoformed of blood vessels number. There was no statistical significant difference in bone trabeculae neoformation. After seven and 14 days, the number of osteoclasts was higher in aqueous ozone groups than in those treated with pure water. CONCLUSION: Independently of blood glucose levels, aqueous ozone allowed an increase in blood vessels neoformation and osteoclast migration, without affect bone trabeculae neoformation.

Oral leukoplakias (OL) are potentially malignant lesions that are typically white in color. Smoking is considered a risk factor for developing OL, and dysplastic lesions are more prone to malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features observed in dysplastic and non-dysplastic OL in both smokers and non-smokers. A total of 315 cases of OL were retrieved and separated into either dysplastic or non-dysplastic lesions, and these cases were further categorized as originating in either smokers or non-smokers. Frequencies of the type of OL lesion, with respect to whether the patients smoked, were established. The results demonstrated that 131 cases of OL were dysplastic (74 smokers and 57 non-smokers), and 184 were non-dysplastic (96 smokers and 88 non-smokers). For OL cases in smokers for which information about alcohol consumption was also available (84 cases), the results revealed no significant difference in the amount of dysplastic and non-dysplastic lesions. Dysplastic lesions were more frequent in male smokers and in non-smoking females. The median age of smokers with cases of OL was significantly lower than in non-smokers; the lowest median ages were observed for female smokers with dysplastic OL. The most frequent anatomical sites of dysplastic lesions were the floor of the mouth in smokers and the tongue in non-smokers. Dysplastic lesions in smokers were significantly smaller than non-dysplastic lesions in non-smokers. Being a male smoker, being female, being younger, and having smaller lesions were associated with dysplastic features in OL. These clinical data may be important for predicting OL malignant transformation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a simetria facial de ratos tratados com metotrexato (MTX), em dose alta e baixa, submetidos à fratura experimental do processo condilar com desvio por meio de mensurações cefalométricas. MÉTODOS: Cem ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico utilizando modelo experimental de fratura de côndilo do lado direito. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: A - soro fisiológico (1mL/semana); B - dexametasona (DEX) (0,15mg/Kg); C - MTX baixa dose (3mg/Kg/semana); D - MTX alta dose (30mg/Kg). Os períodos de sacrifício foram de 1, 7, 15, 30 e 90 dias de pós-operatório (n=5). O peso dos animais foi documentado. Foram realizadas mensurações lineares da maxila e da mandíbula, bem como angulares do desvio mandibular. Os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas entre os grupos, períodos de sacrifício e entre os lados em cada grupo (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: Os animais recuperaram peso ao longo do tempo, exceto no grupo D. Houve redução no comprimento mandibular com alterações também na maxila e desvio progressivo da mandíbula em relação à base do crânio no grupo D. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento com metotrexato em alta dose teve efeito deletério na simetria facial de ratos submetidos à fratura do processo condilar.

PURPOSE: To investigate the facial symmetry of high and low dose methotrexate (MTX) treated rats submitted to experimentally displaced mandibular condyle fracture through the recording of cephalometric measurements. METHODS: One hundred male Wistar rats underwent surgery using an experimental model of right condylar fracture. Animals were divided into four groups: A - saline solution (1mL/week); B - dexamethasone (DEX) (0,15mg/Kg); C - MTX low dose (3 mg/Kg/week); D - MTX high dose (30 mg/Kg). Animals were sacrificed at 1, 7, 15, 30 and 90 days postoperatively (n=5). Body weight was recorded. Specimens were submitted to axial radiographic incidence, and cephalometric mensurations were made using a computer system. Linear measurements of skull and mandible, as well as angular measurements of mandibular deviation were taken. Data were subjected to statistical analyses among the groups, periods of sacrifice and between the sides in each group (α=0.05). RESULTS: Animals regained body weight over time, except in group D. There was reduction in the mandibular length and also changes in the maxilla as well as progressive deviation in the mandible in relation to the skull basis in group D. CONCLUSION: Treatment with high dose methotrexate had deleterious effect on facial symmetry of rats submitted to experimentally displaced condylar process fracture.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a simetria facial de ratos submetidos à fratura experimental de côndilo mandibular e com desnutrição protéica (8% de proteína) por meio de mensurações cefalométricas. MÉTODOS: 45 ratos Wistar adultos foram distribuídos em três grupos: grupo fraturado, submetido a fratura condilar sem alteração na dieta; grupo fraturado desnutrido, submetido a dieta hipoprotéica e fratura condilar; grupo desnutrido, mantido até o final do experimento, sem fratura condilar. Fraturas com desvio foram feitas no côndilo direito com anestesia geral. Os espécimes foram submetidos à incidência radiográfica axial, e mensurações cefalométricas foram feitas por meio de um sistema de computador. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos a análises estatísticas entre os grupos e entre os lados em cada grupo. RESULTADOS: Houve redução significante nos valores de proteínas séricas e de albumina no grupo fraturado desnutrido. Houve desvio da linha média da mandíbula em relação à linha média da maxila, significativo no grupo fraturado desnutrido, assim como assimetria da maxila e da mandíbula, em especial no final do período experimental. CONCLUSÃO: A fratura do côndilo mandibular em ratos com desnutrição protéica induziu uma assimetria na mandíbula, também com consequências na maxila.

PURPOSE: To investigate the facial symmetry of rats submitted to experimental mandibular condyle fracture and with protein undernutrition (8% of protein) by means of cephalometric measurements. METHODS: Forty-five adult Wistar rats were distributed in three groups: fracture group, submitted to condylar fracture with no changes in diet; undernourished fracture group, submitted to hypoproteic diet and condylar fracture; undernourished group, kept until the end of experiment, without condylar fracture. Displaced fractures of the right condyle were induced under general anesthesia. The specimens were submitted to axial radiographic incidence, and cephalometric mensurations were made using a computer system. The values obtained were subjected to statistical analyses among the groups and between the sides in each group. RESULTS: There was significative decrease of the values of serum proteins and albumin in the undernourished fracture group. There was deviation of the median line of the mandible relative to the median line of the maxilla, significative to undernutrition fracture group, as well as asymmetry of the maxilla and mandible, in special in the final period of experiment. CONCLUSION: The mandibular condyle fracture in rats with proteic undernutrition induced an asymmetry of the mandible, also leading to consequences in the maxilla.

BACKGROUND: Oral care is a fundamental procedure for the success of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, particularly regarding the control of oral infectious diseases. Information about oral care protocols and the inclusion of dental professionals in transplantation medical staff is poorly known. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to carry out a survey about the protocols of Brazilian dental professionals with regard to oral care of HSCT patients. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to 36 Brazilian transplant centers with questions about basic oral care protocols, the indication of specific mouthwashes, antibiotic therapy regimens, laser therapy, and treatment of oral mucositis and graft-versus-host disease. All the respondent centers (n = 12) have dentists as members of the HSCT medical staff. RESULTS: The majority indicate non-alcoholic chlorhexidine (n = 9; 75.0%) and sodium bicarbonate (n = 5; 41.7%) as routine mouthwashes. Laser therapy was frequently indicated (n= 9; 75.0%), mainly in the prevention of oral mucositis and in oral pain control. In the post-transplant period, antibiotic therapy was only indicated for invasive dental treatments (n= 8; 66.7%). Several treatments for graft-versus-host disease were mentioned without a trend towards establishing a standard protocol. CONCLUSION: Basic oral care constitutes regular assessment in the routine treatment of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients in Brazilian centers.

OBJETIVO: A técnica de levantamento de seio maxilar apresenta como possível complicação a perfuração da membrana sinusal. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar duas técnicas que utilizam a cirurgia ultrassônica para realização de enxerto autógeno para levantamento de seio maxilar. MÉTODOS: Dez coelhos foram utilizados no estudo, sendo que um deles não foi submetido a procedimento cirúrgico. Os nove coelhos operados tiveram os seios maxilares preenchidos com enxertos autógenos coletados de díploe externa de calota craniana, nas formas particulado do lado direito e raspado do lado esquerdo, ambos com aparelho ultrassônico. Os dados de densidade óssea nos seios maxilares esquerdo e direito, obtidos por meio de tomografia computadorizada nos sentidos transversal e longitudinal, registrados 90 dias após a realização dos enxertos foram comparados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as técnicas de enxerto que utilizaram osso raspado e particulado coletado por meio de dispositivo ultrassônico da calota craniana de coelhos. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação clínica dos procedimentos nos levou a concluir que o ultrassom piezoelétrico mostrou-se um instrumento clinicamente seguro na abordagem cirúrgica do seio maxilar de coelhos, permitindo a manutenção da integridade da membrana sinusal durante as manobras de ostectomia da parede lateral da maxila e divulsão da membrana sinusal.

PURPOSE: Maxillary sinus lifting is a technique, in which, a possible complication is sinus membrane perforation. The aim of this study was to compare two techniques using ultrasound surgery to perform autogenous graft for maxillary sinus lifting. METHODS: Ten rabbits were used in the study, one of them did not undergo surgery. The other nine rabbits had their maxillary sinuses filled with autogenous bone grafts collected from the external skull diploe in particulate form on the right side, and shaved on the left side, both with ultrasonic device. Data on bone density in left and right maxillary sinus, obtained by computed tomography in transverse and longitudinal sections, recorded 90 days after the grafts, were statistically compared. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two techniques that used shaved and particulate bone collected by means of ultrasonic device from rabbit skulls. CONCLUSION: Assessment of operative procedures led to the conclusion that piezoelectric ultrasound was shown to be a safe tool in the surgical approach to the maxillary sinus of rabbits, allowing sinus membrane integrity to be maintained during surgical procedures.

Os resultados de estudos experimentais referentes ao arco zigomático na fase de crescimento, por meio de ressecções ou fraturas, são controversos. Assim, neste estudo foram avaliados experimentalmente os efeitos da solução de continuidade do arco zigomático no crescimento facial, portanto sem perdas teciduais ou desvios. Ratos com um mês de idade foram submetidos a um procedimento cirúrgico, para obtenção de uma solução de continuidade de um milímetro de espessura no arco zigomático do lado direito, tendo o lado esquerdo servido como controle. Os mesmos foram sacrificados com três meses de idade, sendo o crânio e as hemimandíbulas dissecados e radiografados. Foram feitas mensurações cefalométricas de dimensões da fossa infratemporal, da maxila e da mandíbula por meio de um sistema de computador. Não houve diferença significante entre os lados experimental e controle para as diferentes mensurações na maxila e na mandíbula. Foi verificada diferença significante para o comprimento ântero-posterior da fossa infra-temporal. Foi concluído que as conseqüências da solução de continuidade do arco zigomático no crescimento facial são localizadas apenas na própria estrutura.

The results of experimental studies on the zygomatic arch during the growth period, through excisions or fractures, are controversial. In this study, the effect of a discontinuity of the zygomatic arch on facial growth was experimentally evaluated, without tissual damage or deviations. One-month-old rats were submitted to a surgical procedure in order to obtain a one-milimeter-wide discontinuity of the right zygomatic arch. The left side served as a control. After three months, the rats were sacrificed, their skull and hemimandibles were dissected, and radiographs were obtained. Cephalometric measurements were carried out in order to assess the dimensions of the infratemporal fossa, maxilla and mandible, by means of a computer system. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control sides as to the measurements pertaining to the maxilla and mandible. Significant difference was observed in the anteroposterior length of the infratemporal fossa. It was concluded that the consequences of a discontinuity of the zygomatic arch on facial growth are restricted to the structure itself.